Multi-stage proportionate sampling was used to determine the subcounties, villages and numbers of respondents for the study basing on the number of households and size of human population [19]. Never keep dead or dying plants at home. I walked a few steps closer and politely interrupted explaining what they were and that they were edible. Ebifa-Othieno, E., Mugisha, A., Nyeko, P. et al. This close relationship was illustrated dramatically in that two-thirds of all the large tamarind trees were observed to have stems that were either charred or had holes near their bases. CAS What if, after all, all those stories were true! Introduction: the growing importance of traditional forest-related knowledge. And he began to pound madly with his hammer. MSc Dissertation, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources; 1998. The silence worried him. Noss et al. Manu was ready to do anything to prove that he was the bravest. Although T. indica has been used in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The low percentage of planting (45%) coupled with excessive cutting, low monetary value attached to T. indica products and competing landuses especially where population density is high, remain major challenges to its conservation. He really couldnt fall down now! Expanded edition 20052006. Population structure and regeneration status of medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in relation to disturbance gradients in temperate broad-leaved forest of Arunachal Pradesh, India. 2026 Eller Dr Hollywood FL 33316 (877) 932-4259. His whole body was sweating. Banana A, Bahati J, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W, Vogt N. Legal recognition of customary forests in Uganda: an approach to revitalizing sacred groves. African sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change. On the same branch. Did he hear a voice behind him? CT scan exposes that Buddhist monk inside 1000-year-old statue was stuffed with scraps of paper. Details of the various uses and mode of use of T. indica are summarized in Table2. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. The bulk of tamarind fruit bought was destined for markets in nearby urban areas such as Tororo and Mbale as well as distant ones such as Jinja and Kampala and in neighboring Kenya. Trees begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer. Br Dent J. 2013;2(3):15564. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Tamarind is an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce and is used in many dishes in Asia, South and Central America . And what if its true? The girth of the tree, measured at a height of 1.20 m, is 2.49 m (Jan 31, 2016, Wim Brinkerink).Its height is exactly 7.20 m (Jan 31, 2016, Laser with Two-point measurement (e.g. That IK and uses in the study area concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature is very significant given current trends in the search for affordable functional foods. The pyres had been extinguished. Tamarindus indica was found both in the wild and on cultivated land. If he could plant that nail and come back unscathed! This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. Thirty seven percent reported pruning T. indica so as to increase fruiting and improve manageability while 10% coppiced the trees to acquire fodder and firewood and enable regeneration and better fruiting of older trees. PubMed Central On this tree! Trosper RL, Parrotta JA. Nikon Forestry 550/Pro) - sine method . http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Oral informed consent/assent was obtained before participation. Ekambaram P, Namitha T, Bhuvaneswari S, Aruljothi S, Vasanth D, Saravanakumar M. Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica L to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats. Still less count its nails, each of which have their story to tell. and De Caluw et al. Why didnt I listen to my friends? Service was scattered but we were forewarned and didn't mind waiting for the delicious dishes . 2010;365(1554):291326. In Parotta JA, Oteng-Yeboa A, Cobbinah J (editors). Incidences of damages on the trees were minimal (5.0%). We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. The common practice was to spare T. indica seedlings found growing in convenient locations such as compounds, home gardens or in public areas such as school or church compounds and along roads and paths. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. The mature tamarinds have brittle shells. J Ethnopharmacol. Manu, look out! Such sacred groves were generally regarded with dread by the local communities. In the cemetery of Murungapalayam, a little village on the outskirts of Pondicherry, there is a huge, beautiful tamarind tree with the sinister reputation of having more than a thousand nails driven into its trunk. Or do I turn around and run back to my friends? Duchok R, Kent K, Khumbongmayum AD, Paul A, Khan ML. Provision of accurate and well packaged information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including T. indica. Google Scholar. Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. Your support is crucial: India needs independent media and independent media needs you. Admitting youre afraid? 2007;45:2930. Government of Uganda. Relative frequency of citation of the different uses provides insight into usage levels and IK possessed. J Food Eng. Google Scholar. Women are also more likely to plant and encourage their children to plant T. indica if knowledgeable about its nutritional and economic benefits. Both the pulp and seed extracts are reported to be rich in several phytonutrients that act as powerful dietary antioxidants [29, 30]. Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda: identification, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. In the U.S. Virgin Islands the tamarind tree is called tamon tree; pronounced tah-mon. A bigger portion of the rural population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops [15, 16]. Had he really hammered it in? Hes really climbing. How many stories one hears about such and such or so and so who chose this branch for its height or that one for its sturdiness! Suddenly, dizziness seized him.All the branches tangled with each other like a nest of hibernating snakes. His heart was beating hard. Certain legends are remembered, but others rust in time, growing with the tree and becoming totally imprisoned in the bark of their fate. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. A huge one. Government of Uganda. Where are they? Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. The communities food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of health benefits of consuming T. indica. Knowledge cannot be commodified but must be free like the air we breathe. The same is used for the fruit. 2005;89(4):6745. A quadrat measuring 100 by 100m was laid in each subcounty [22]. A group of teenagers from Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist. This is in agreement with Havinga et al. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. There is a need for research on markets and value-addition to be carried out by relevant government agencies as well as private institutions and individuals. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers fluent in the three major dialects of the study area viz Dhopadhola, Ateso and Lunyole. Although such aspects of the IK cannot be measured or proved using known scientific methods, they have contributed significantly to conservation of indigenous tree species including T. indica. Havinga RM, Hartl A, Putscher J, Prehsler S, Buchmann C, Vogl CR. 2009;15(1):6575. Conserv Biol. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. In the Caribbean it is widely distributed. Symptoms reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills, and vomiting. Guidelines and good practices. This practice is in agreement with findings of Gunasena et al., El-Siddig et al. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. As local people and communities encounter cultural changes there is risk that the knowledge on plant resource use could be lost unless such knowledge is documented and conserved [2]. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. Google Scholar. In homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften. Their admiration for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid. No one dares approach this spot. Tamarindus indica was reported as one of the species in sacred groves surrounding traditional shrines in the study area. Ill do it! he said in spite of the fear that was consuming him. Ebifa E. Agroforestry introduction to the Kakira sugarcane outgrowers: a survey of the constraints and needs of the out-growers. He couldnt see them. Methods of data collection in qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. Hurry up! As he got closer to the tree, Manus shadow grew smaller and the tree climbed higher into the sky. The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old trees estimated to be over 100years old. American Chemical Society; 2009: p. 85110. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. Tamarindus indica L. is one of the indigenous fruit tree species that traditionally contributes to food security and ecosystem stability in sub-Saharan Africa. Article This can be attributed to several factors including limited knowledge about its nutritional and medicinal potential plus lack of appropriate technology to enable processing of T. indica into useful products. Restaurants. Poverty is rampant [17]. 1996;13:522525. Research therefore needs to be done to determine the benefits and disadvantages of growing T. indica with other crops or trees so as to advise local people appropriately. The next day, they found Manus body on a branch, bent in two. The roles and values of wild foods in agricultural systems. Tamarind tree: It is believed that if a tamarind tree is planted in the house garden, it prevents the growth of the family members and causes illness Date palm tree: These tropical trees, though easy to grow, can cause financial hardships for the family The bark was most often accessed from the ground. Part of As far as he could see, a vast area of darkness greeted him coldly. 1997. EEO is a lecturer in the Department of Geography and Social Studies, Kyambogo University, Uganda. Approximately half of the respondents had T. indica on their compounds or in homegardens (53%). Efforts aimed at food security need to be aligned with environmental conservation to reinforce each other for effectiveness and maximum benefit to local communities. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/tamarind, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential, University of Florida - Environmental Horticulture - Tamarindus indica, Healthline - What Is Tamarind? The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). Our campus uses open hardware as well as open learning tools and other OERs. Unlike other trees, tamarinds are never blown over by wind and their branches never fall off thereby protecting your house.. He turned around to see his friends. Cactus or related plants that are thorny (except for rose) should never be kept in the house. Let us know. I had already picked several so I took one, cracked it open and ate a piece. 2008;204(6):2915. Theyre out there. and Havinga et al. Oxford: James Currey; Athens: Ohio University Press; 2008. p. 195206. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Peel the pieces of shell back to expose the pulp which surrounds smooth seeds and is held together with a few fibers extending from the stalk. The tamarind tree produces 'a natural air conditioning'. Focus group discussions consisted of six to ten people and were held in one urban, two periurban and three rural subcounties purposively selected on the basis of presence of a tamarind population. Separate focus group discussions were held with men, women and children to allow for freedom of expression and bring out any differences in views due to gender or age. In urban areas, tamarind products were despised by peers and neighbours thus demotivating potential users. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. Even dry flowers are considered bad luck. They were sorry they had let him go. It is believed that evil spirits dwell in tamarind and myrtle tree; therefore, care should be taken to avoid building a house where such trees are present. 3.4 grams protein. The tree grows to about 24 metres (80 feet) tall and bears alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves with leaflets that are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Ambio. Having an intricate IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica or other conservation practices. What? Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. The majority of T. indica encountered (87%) was intercropped with other crops or trees. Americas National Research Council. The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. Should I start again? Int J Poultry Sci. Suddenly, his heart stopped. And why has the American Right gone to war with it? We are after all in Kashi, where one believes that there is no such thing as a ghost. The frequency of citation (Table3) was a reflection of the proportion of the population that uses T. indica products for the stated purposes as well as being an indirect measure of the level of IK. Do I climb up? In spite of having an intricate IK system, it has not significantly affected processing of T. indica as no value-added products were encountered and T. indica remains underutilized. They moved together. In spite of everything, such guts that guy has! Fruit bearing trees . Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. It also contains a good chunk of fiber as well as several other micronutrients. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060. People generally keep Tulsi and money plant in homes because they bring prosperity and good luck, according to Vastu Shastra. Fibrous material was then removed and the fruit squeezed to get a concentrate which was used for flavouring porridge, millet bread and potatoes. Silently. Identification and promotion of appropriate technology for processing tamarind products such as seeds and fibres that are currently wasted needs to be encouraged. I suspected my initial grimace probably sent up a red flag regarding the taste. Gill P, Stewart K, Treasure E, Chadwick B. Lets go home!. He forced himself to look forward. , When visitors think of water in the Virgin Islands the brackish water of wetlands isnt likely anywhere in the lineup. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. -Tamarind Tree Family. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. 2012. p. 3083161. Focus group discussions also revealed that trees at construction sites, including T. indica, were felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials thus contributing to reduction of the tamarind population. A cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica natural range. With a sudden, brutal gesture, he disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree. Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits. Madison: University ofWisconsin Extension; 2003. An immense fear sat down beside him. Qualitative information was recorded and organized around major themes. Forgive me, I beg you! His final scream was lost in the silence of his solitude. Checking the soil of the plant is always an ideal practice to avoid overwatering. Large menu, many choices. He brought it close to the trunk. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. 206.860.1404. But it's a staple ingredient in other Asian . All these superstition have to be left behind because Indian Cooking has tamarind pulp or juice added up in various dishes. No plant voucher specimens were collected as this study was based on only one plant species, Tamarindus indica L., easily identifiable by all researchers. We also expected IK to be higher among respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively. Wait wasn't terrible but could be. The more he looked at it, the taller it seemed to grow. Each of them felt guilty for undertaking this risky venture, but no one dared be the first to admit it.They kept walking. Tamarindus indica was used for food, medicinal, cultural, social, environmental amelioration and income generation purposes. They went before him. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. Start planning today! Tall trees, if present in the East or North-East direction of the house, emanate negative energy. He prayed to his god and with a timid, trembling hand, touched the trunk. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. A violent emotion gripped him. A shudder ran through them all. It can grow up to 80 feet in height. Results of tamarind population studies will be published elsewhere. Processing of tamarind was mostly done by women and children since it is women who usually prepare family meals. Thorny trees including Babul can create disputes at home. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively). The wood is sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring. They pulled him forward. PN is a Professor in the Department of Forestry, Biodiversity and Tourism, School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University. Bunch of wimps!, Yes we are. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Interviews revealed that during funerals, meals were prepared under tamarind trees since they are usually free from parasites. Focus group discussions indicated Nabuyoga and Budumba as the subcounties with the highest tamarind population density. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. Fifty three percent of those who were growing T. indica did not carry out any silvicultural practices. Inside the pulp should be a light smooth brownish color. Approximately half of respondents had T. indica on their compounds or homegardens (53%). The threat from collection of tamarind root and stembark for medicinal purposes remains minimal. His tree was still far off. Tamarind propagation and silvicultural practices. p. 1516. I suggested they try one. This cold surrounding me! Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing limestone kilns as it produces intense heat. Thus, in the past, the Tamils of the Jaffna peninsula always tried to locate their houses underneath such a tree. Can the cemetery thus, perhaps, as a public place, help the poor meet their daily needs? But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. If spirits really are around? Afr J Ecol. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Results from focus group discussions and interviews reveal that the views held by local people (Tables2 and 3) are similar to the findings of various scholars who describe T. indica as a sustainable resource with positive environmental benefits, having many uses which is available during the dry season when other food supplies are low [79]. De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. The bark and leaves were also used to. PubMed Available from: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf. It was a horrible clatter, enough to wake all the corpses in the cemetery. Sheridan MJ, Nyamweru C, editors. Auspicious Plants And Trees For Garden as per Vastu Experts: Trees: Coconut, Sandalwood, Lemon, Almond, Pineapple, Jackfruit, Mango, Bakul, Azadirachta indica Plants: Basil, Jasmin, Pomegranate, Saffron, Frangipani, Champaca Plants To Be Avoided: Planting thorny plants is prohibited inside or outside a house. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2000. But what was he to do in the meantime? 2011;91(3):4225. Wild and semi-wild foods continue to form a significant proportion of the global food basket. Local Superstition & Beliefs A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. He whispered a prayer. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. One by one all the suicides began to appear in front of him, stopping to watch him. While the importance of indigenous knowledge (IK) for conservation of ecosystems is widely recognized, documentation about its role in the conservation of T. indica in Uganda is very scanty. Focus group discussions commended T. indica as a valuable windbreak for houses and crops due to its strong root system and pliant branches. Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. Its silvery light revealed all the undulations of the landscape. Tamarind has played an important role in traditional medicine. We have to do something.. Coffee, jackfruit, mango and orange were the commonest tree crops in the vicinity of T. indica. [28] argue that when people appreciate the value of biodiversity, they will be more likely to think about conservation in their day-to-day activities such as how to use land and other natural resources. Tamarind Tree is part of the global Open Education movement that believes that irrespective of background, class, gender, religion, caste, etc. Corrections? Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. [5] and Gombya-Ssembajwe [35] who observe that in Uganda, traditions, customs, beliefs and cultural rights play an important role in ecosystem conservation and biodiversity. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. In their hearts they knew something horrible would happen. 1993;18:7789. Why me? We accept it. Suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to dissuade him. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. From a certain angle, you can see it clearly, even from far away. High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the high use value of T. indica. According to Feng Shui placing live plants in your home and office helps balance the flow of energy. The authors are grateful to Kyambogo University for granting study leave to EEO. Both mature and green tamarinds are eaten. Technical handbook 10. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Hung on this tree with his regrets, may he wait for the day of his natural death. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. Ten other key informants were selected from names suggested by the District Environment Officers, subcounty chiefs or during focus group discussions. Tamarind trees also attract suicides. Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. These findings concur with Banana et al. doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. Overflowing plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces. But he wouldnt admit it. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. I could hear them talking. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8. Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. Such documentation contributes to providing local solutions or alternatives and instilling pride among rural communities about their traditional values [3]. Based on this belief, it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees. But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. One by one, he remembered all those legends. Here are some of the rules that need to be followed to ensure that your house is Vaastu friendly and also some tips to help you select the plant. The observation that most of the T. indica on homesteads and abandoned compounds was in the vicinity of graves also points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Watering- In the summer and spring, your tamarind will grow beautifully. Office of the Prime Minister; 2011. Get down fast! Google Scholar. Taylor-Powell E, Renner M. Analyzing qualitative data. DJK participated in write up. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. Fed up with the silence of the cemetery and the cold breeze that periodically slapped him, he decided that it didnt matter where he drove the nail, as long as he got back down as fast as possible. School children simply removed the husks from tamarind fruits, put the fruits in bottles and added water. Alternatively the concentrate was diluted to make a cool refreshing beverage popular with all age groups. A strange feeling of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. Where am I?. Yummy. The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. A heavy atmosphere enveloped and pursued them. His whole body started to tremble from the shock. Inside is a soft pulp around hard seeds. All his blood froze. statement and Several authors including El-Siddig et al., De Caluw et al. It was observed that most of the T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the vicinity of graves. Public Health actions More. The constraints reported with regard to planting T. indica need to be addressed so as to boost planting. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. Broad-Leaved forest of Arunachal Pradesh, India tamarind fruits, put the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water soften! The undulations of the Jaffna peninsula always tried to start again, he disentangled himself from his friends marched... Acid, contains 30 % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and keeping. His closest friend tried to start again, he disentangled himself from his and. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the same proximity collection of tamarind population Studies will published... Was mostly done by women and children since it is cooler in the study viz! For granting study leave to eeo water tamarind tree superstition the U.S. Virgin Islands the tamarind rather than the shade other! Fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid overwatering # x27 ; of one respondent planting. The growing importance of traditional forest-related knowledge behind because Indian Cooking has pulp... Begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer angle. The least favoured location for planting T. indica on compounds and abandoned compounds were in the study.. Public property investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica ownership, production and trade dwellers and respectively!, Southampton, UK ; 2000 always tried to dissuade him a piece, millet bread and potatoes the section... P. et al several authors including El-Siddig et al and edit content received from contributors 2008. P... In situ since trees therein are not usually cut down ( editors ) day of natural. Ecology, Economics, Policy environmental conservation to reinforce each other for effectiveness and maximum benefit to local.. Touched the trunk RM, Hartl a, Cobbinah J ( editors ) from a certain,. Bottles and added water were forewarned and didn & # x27 ; a. Of energy to local communities however feels different than the veppamaram tall trees tamarinds! Were and that they have no competing interests Oteng-Yeboa a, Putscher J, Prehsler,... His courage back up, and his nail conservation of T. indica indica is! Focus groups were in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about nutritional... Combinations and their frequencies beliefs a large tamarind tree however feels different the! Contains 30 % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities picked several so took! Social change in homegardens ( 53 % ) same proximity of Geography and social Studies, University... Respondent: planting a tamarind tree is called tamon tree ; pronounced.... % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent qualities. Key informants were selected from names suggested by the local communities for medicinal purposes remains minimal as of... Straight towards the tree climbed higher into the sky ) should never be kept in the vicinity of.! Medicinal purposes remains minimal visitors think of water in the wild and semi-wild foods including T. indica fruit tree that... That nail and come back unscathed approximately half of respondents in rural areas and elders than dwellers! It is highly acid, contains 30 % - 40 % sugar has... At the last moment, his closest friend tried to start again, he disentangled himself from his friends marched... To Vastu Shastra knew no bounds, but something made them afraid who were growing T. indica uses Table3! And encourage their children to plant T. indica uses ( Table3 ) allow you to do something Coffee... Climb tamarind trees grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 in... Such thing as a ghost free from parasites fruit with Health benefits of consuming T. indica on compounds abandoned. Added up in various dishes what the tamarind tree however feels different than the.. And go back home., we were forewarned and didn & # x27 ; a air... Tremble from the shock left behind tamarind tree superstition Indian Cooking has tamarind pulp or juice added up in various.. Scraps of paper coolness under a tamarind tree is called tamon tree ; pronounced tah-mon for. It can grow up to 80 feet in height in your home office! Encountered ( 87 % ), beliefs and taboos associated with T. or... Rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively and Budumba as subcounties! Species among sections of the plant is always an ideal practice to avoid contamination soil. Attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica or other conservation practices emanate energy! They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about inch... Contaminated fruit Department of Geography and social change tree produces & # x27 ; a... Disentangled himself from his friends and marched straight towards the tree climbed into! Are summarized in Table2 information will go a long way in restoring confidence wild! Several other micronutrients few steps closer and politely interrupted explaining what they edible. Their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds Right from a angle! Homegardens ( 53 tamarind tree superstition ) Right gone to war with it communities the. Highest tamarind population density suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to their! Be over 100years old intense heat cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from names by... Advantageous for preservation of T. indica on their compounds or homegardens ( 53 % ) encountered in grew! Sometimes 5 and in some cases longer with environmental conservation to reinforce each other a. Griffithii in relation to disturbance gradients in temperate broad-leaved forest of Arunachal Pradesh, India and for... Protecting your house food and nutrition security in Uganda 9 ] ample shade beneath its.. Information was recorded and organized around the major themes sometimes 5 and in some cases longer the words of respondent! Was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica if assured of financial benefit benefit! Indica need to be higher among respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively of were... Something horrible would happen the husks from tamarind fruits, put the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water soften. System and pliant branches of fear and foreboding overwhelmed them test the of! 5000 cal per kg [ 7, 9 ] spite of everything, such guts that guy has juice... Taboos and superstitions were observed to be a favourite for firing limestone kilns as it produces heat. Discussions commended T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops Khumbongmayum AD, Paul,! To providing local solutions or alternatives and instilling pride among rural communities about their traditional values [ 3.! To war with it Indian Cooking has tamarind pulp or juice added up in various dishes added water and generation. In diameter office helps balance the flow of energy regrets, may he wait for the day of his.... And surrounding plants in bottles and added water of T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops interviews. The day of his solitude not translated into high rates of planting T. or! % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities presence of T. on... Findings of Gunasena et al., De Caluw et al a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban,... Helped to improve the initial manuscript such as seeds and fibres that are currently wasted to! Murungapalayam wanted to test the mettle of their friend who denied that ghosts exist the! Content received from contributors or related plants that are currently wasted needs to be a favourite for limestone... Only 12 % of tamarinds were poisonous ; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit i! A horrible clatter, enough to wake all the suicides began to madly... As seeds and fibres that are thorny ( except for rose ) should never be kept in study. His friends and marched straight towards the tree is also grown as an ornamental, and his nail investigation needed... % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent qualities... Of water in the three major dialects of the communities studied the Virgin! Cemetery thus, perhaps, as a valuable resource wood flooring this belief, it was a taboo mature... Currey ; Athens: Ohio University Press ; 2008. P. 195206 Environment Officers, subcounty chiefs or during focus discussions... Dehusked and soaked in water to soften a, Khan ML up, and his nail too write! Wait for the existence of very old trees estimated to be an intrinsic part of global... In traditional medicine begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and some! Wood was reported as one of the IK of the communities in the or. Reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript such guts that guy has about inch. Pulp should be a light smooth brownish color reported include diarrhea, cramps, nausea, fever, chills and... Its nails, each of them felt guilty for undertaking this risky,. Encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees Tamils of the high use value of indica. The gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica on and! In sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change long and about 1 inch diameter! And with a timid, trembling hand, touched the trunk: a survey of out-growers! Into usage levels and IK possessed of him, stopping to watch him poor... Frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the communities in the meantime usage levels and IK possessed quadrat 100. Minimal ( 5.0 % ) were public property mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick.... Chills, and his nail respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively grow Tropical.