Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). [40] Among the initial reasons for their leaving the Cape colony were the English language rule. This list may not reflect recent changes . The uprising spread throughout the country. Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. Abeba Mafanela South African. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. [207] Following restrictions placed on its activities, the UDF was replaced in 1988 by the Mass Democratic Movement, a loose and amorphous alliance of anti-apartheid groups that had no permanent structure, making it difficult for the government to place a ban on its activities. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. If you wish to find out what records South African Ancestry has for a specific family or surname then please enter the relevant surname or maiden name in the relevant field below and click on "search" to see a full list of our available records. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. In 1993, attacks on white civilian targets in public places increased. Eventually, van Riebeeck and the VOC began to make indentured servants out of the Khoikhoi and the San. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. [3], European exploration of the African coast began in the 13th century when Portugal committed itself to discover an alternative route to the silk road that would lead to China. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". Great Britain. [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. Smith's expansion of the Cape Colony resulted in conflict with disaffected Boers in the Orange River Sovereignty who in 1848 mounted an abortive rebellion at Boomplaats, where the Boers were defeated by a detachment of the Cape Mounted Rifles. An academic study conducted in 2006, found that South Africans showed levels of xenophobia greater than anywhere else in the world. [citation needed], The TRC, at the conclusion of its mandate in 2004, handed over a list of 300 names of alleged perpetrators to the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for investigation and prosecution by the NPA's Priority Crimes Litigation Unit. A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. With 250,000 paid-up members at the height of its existence, it was the largest white protest movement in the country's history. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 128 km per hour in the match against England at Cape Town. People with the surname include: Alexander du Toit (1878-1948), South African geologist Anri du Toit aka Yolandi Visser, South African musician [126], General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. It is a Dutch/Flemish variant on the word Lowe, meaning Lion. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. 2. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. Rosenthal, Eric. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. [86] In the battles that followed, the Orange Free State tried unsuccessfully to capture Moshoeshoe's mountain stronghold at Thaba Bosiu, while the Sotho conducted raids in Free State territories. Lwando Southern African. (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. Magombo Swahili, African, Swazi (Rare) Meaning unknown, possibly related from the fore name of the same name. Under the provisions of the act, the Union became an independent Dominion of the British Empire, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with the British monarch represented by a Governor-General. Blignaut, Charl. 36. [31], In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, a faction within the politics of the Dutch Republic known as the Patriot Party attempted to overthrow the regime of stadtholder William V. Though the revolt was crushed, it was resurrected after the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1794/1795 which resulted in the stadtholder fleeing the country. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". Dingaan also attempted to establish relations with the British traders on the Natal coast, but events had started to unfold that would see the demise of Zulu independence. The ANC-led government, in a historic reversal of policy, adopted neoliberalism instead. A Adriaanse Alberts (name) B Badenhorst Bakkes Bekker Blaauw Blignault Blignaut Booi Booysen Boshoff Bosman Botha Breytenbach Burger (surname) Buys C Cilliers Cloete (surname) Coetzee Cronje The British elements strongly supported the war, and formed by far the largest military component. Wilson Center Digital Archives, International History Declassified, Inge Tvedten, Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction, SIPRI Yearbook: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. [144] He returned in 1923, and continued working in the Union of South Africa as a German Spy for the Third Reich. In 1845, a treaty was signed between the British colonists and Moshoeshoe, which recognised white settlement in the area. [94] Cape Colony Governor Henry Barkly persuaded all claimants to submit themselves to a decision of an arbitrator and so Robert W Keate, Lieutenant-Governor of Natal was asked to arbitrate. The assistance that South Africa gave the British Empire was significant. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. The provision of ARV treatment resulted in 100,000 fewer AIDS-related deaths in 2011 than in 2005. Thousands more served in the British Army directly, with over 3,000 joining the British Royal Flying Corps and over 100 volunteering for the Royal Navy. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. 'The significance of the Cape trade route to economic activity in the Cape Colony: a medium-term business cycle analysis', European Review of Economic History, 14 (2010), pp. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. The establishment of the staging post by the Dutch East India Company at the Cape in 1652 soon brought the Khoikhoi into conflict with Dutch settlers over land ownership. With a population of roughly 6 million, between 19141918, over 250,000 South Africans of all races voluntarily served their country. Mani is the reduced form of the South Indian surname Subramanian. The prisoners were mainly members of the Pan Africanist Congress and United Democratic Front.[209]. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). Around 1800, they started crossing the northern frontier formed by the Orange River, arriving ultimately in an uninhabited area, which they named Griqualand. [77][78] To European settlers in Southern Africa, the same form of tribute was believed to constitute purchase and permanent ownership of the land under independent authority. The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. Sekhukhune, members of his family and some Bapedi generals were subsequently imprisoned in Pretoria for two years, with Sekhukhuneland becoming part of the Transvaal Republic. [62], By the end of 1847, following annexation by Britain of the former Boer republic of Natalia, nearly all the Boers had left their former republic, which the British renamed Natal. When the war ended, Smuts represented South Africa in San Francisco at the drafting of the United Nations Charter in May 1945. [203], Hundreds of students and others who fled to neighbouring countries, especially Botswana, to avoid arrest after the Soweto uprising of 16 June 1976, provided a fertile recruiting ground for the military wings of both the ANC and PAC. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. Among the obstacles were the presence of the independent states of the South African Republic and the Kingdom of Zululand and its army. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. In the later annexation of the Zulu kingdom by imperial Britain, an Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879. As one of their first tasks they outlawed the use of the Dutch language in 1806 with the view of converting the European settlers to the British language and culture. In order to prevent UNITA's collapse and cement the rule of a friendly government, South Africa intervened on 23 October, sending between 1,500 and 2,000 troops from Namibia into southern Angola in order to fight the MPLA. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. [211] As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, after twenty-seven years in prison. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. Abimbola: [71], In 1861, to avoid the imminent prospect of either being colonised by the Cape Colony or coming into conflict with the expanding Boer Republic of Orange Free State, most of the Philippolis Griquas embarked on a further trek. [169] [55] The name Orange Free State was again changed to the Orange River Colony, created by Britain after the latter occupied it in 1900 and then annexed it in 1902 during the Second Boer War. Lerato 1. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the post-1994 democratic order was irreversible. The four expeditions Gordon undertook between 1777 and 1786 are recorded in a series of several hundred drawings known collectively as the Gordon Atlas, as well as in his journals, which were only discovered in 1964. This Second AngloBoer War, also known as the South African War lasted longer than the first, with British troops being supplemented by colonial troops from Southern Rhodesia, Canada, India, Australia and New Zealand. It has been estimated that the total number of British and colonial troops deployed in South Africa during the war outnumbered the population of the two Boer Republics by more than 150,000. Most of the bodies were dumped in unmarked graves. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. [142] A number of South African fighter pilots served with distinction in the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain, including Group Captain Adolph "Sailor" Malan who led 74 Squadron and established a record of personally destroying 27 enemy aircraft. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. It has been described as one of the most important paleontological discoveries in modern times. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. Starting from the mid-1800s, the Cape of Good Hope, which was then the largest state in southern Africa, began moving towards greater independence from Britain. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. The Boers kept on fighting. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. The Bantu expansion was one of the major demographic movements in human prehistory, sweeping much of the African continent during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. The official statistics of blacks killed in action are inaccurate. 31. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Portuguese mariners, who were the first Europeans at the Cape, encountered pastoral Khoikhoi with livestock. Many urban blacks supported the war expecting it would raise their status in society. The Portuguese mariner Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to explore the coastline of South Africa in 1488, while attempting to discover a trade route to the Far East via the southernmost cape of South Africa, which he named Cabo das Tormentas, meaning Cape of Storms. [157], Although many important events occurred during this period, apartheid remained the central pivot around which most of the historical issues of this period revolved, including violent conflict and the militarisation of South African society. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. 30. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229]. [192][193], South Africa in the 1980s also provided logistical and other covert support to Resistncia Nacional Moambicana (RENAMO) rebels, in neighbouring Mozambique fighting the FRELIMO-run government during the Mozambique Civil War, and it launched cross-border raids into Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana, killing or capturing a number of South African exiles. The settlers, incorrectly, believed that the Cape Colony administration had taken the money due to them as payment for freeing their slaves. [170], In early 2002, a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Finding and extracting the deposits far below the ground called for the capital and engineering skills that would soon result in the deep-level mines of the Witwatersrand producing a quarter of the world's gold, with the "instant city" of Johannesburg arising astride the main Witwatersrand gold reef. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. For nearly 100 years subsequently, the Xhosa fought the settlers sporadically, first the Boers or Afrikaners and later the British. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. It's pronounced Col-u-WHA. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. Ababio - Origin: Ghanaian. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. 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