He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". On July 19, he returned to U.S. and the following March he pleaded guilty to murdering King. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. Christopher S. Bond (now U.S. Never afraid to share his political views, Grammer is known for his conservative values. I went to Memphis to deliver a rifle to this man called Raoul, Ray told me. In 1967, he returned to the United States (Los Angeles) from Mexico and took dancing classes in a bartending school. There were half a dozen guys who rented magazines, and they hawked their wares by the yard shack (a small rock building where the guards stayed). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. In subsequent disclosures, Ray said that he was not the only person involved in the murder of King. He admitted to staying at the rooming house from where authorities said the bullet that struck Rev. More:Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. An international manhunt led to his capture in June 1968 at Heathrow Airport in London, where he was caught carrying two fake Canadian passports. "[10], In August 2015, Brown served five days in the Shelby County Jail after having been held in contempt of court in March 2014. However, the assessment of King got even worse. Brown later worked for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. This is why I believe they steered FBI investigators toward convicts who really didn't know anything. Then, the (U.S.) House Assassinations Committee spent two years and $2.5 million investigating the case. The paper then listed some of the ways Levison had supported and influenced King, as far back as 1956: He actively involved himself in fundraising drives for King. Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Communist Associates of Martin Luther King, UN Biodiversity Beijing-Wall Street Convergence. Brown claimed that the sentence was excessive, and that he should have only been fined; Dan Michael, the Shelby County Juvenile Court chief magistrate that found Brown in contempt, responded that "This is not Hollywood. Updates? Rays father forged a check and hence had to shift his family to Ewing, Missouri to escape enforcement authorities. [6] It was during this time that Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. people lost faith in the political system. He is a former Shelby County, Tennessee Criminal Court judge and a former arbiter of the arbitration-based reality court show Judge Joe Brown. On the night of April 4, 1968 50 years ago now James Earl Ray killed the Rev. There is an important flaw in that logic as well; the defendant was only sued for $100, which he was ordered to pay. Who Was James Earl Ray? He got a 99-year prison sentence, which he served until he died of liver failure due to hepatitis C on . Of the 2,500 men in the prison, fewer than 20 had ever tried to escape from inside the walls. Indeed, a former agent from the FBIs field office in Atlanta said the bureaus tracking of King was second only to the way they went after Jimmy Hoffa. In 1975, a group of former FBI agents called on Congress to investigate this harrassment. But, having tried to escape from the maximum-security prison, we both had joined a small list of convicts who would be watched at all times by the guards. His prints were found all over the hotel room in Memphis where the shots that killed King were thought to have come from, and they covered the murder weapon -a Remington hunting rifle he purchased in Birmingham, AL. This is the real thing and as an officer of the court he should have known better. There is abundant evidence of a major high level conspiracy in the assassination of my husband, Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta King said at a press conference in 1999, according to The King Center. James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan Jack Ruby. Martin Luther King Jr., and there should be no question about that fact. 2023 www.tennessean.com. Although Ray had two attempted escapes on his record, he did not have nearly as much heat on him as Westberg. Moreover, Jerry Ray and James Earl Ray are close. There was, however, some question in our minds about Ray's coordination. ''. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. Raised in the Crenshaw District of Los Angeles, Brown graduated as valedictorian[full citation needed] from Dorsey High School. His perceived inability to deal successfully with those problems led to an overwhelming defeat in his bid for reelection. Although Westberg liked Ray, he never brought him around us. The verdict in King vs. Jowers found a government conspiracy involving city, state, and federal agents complicit in the murder. Stoner certainly wasnt the only radical white supremacist running around, however-just the best known. I wholeheartedly applaud the verdict of the jury and I feel that justice has been well served in their deliberations, she said. Indeed, to them the perception is reality. (Emphasis in original.). His fathers name was George Ellis Ray and his mothers name was Lucille. Dwight Lewis served in a variety of roles at The Tennessean, including reporter and columnist, from 1971 to 2011. Barely 48 hours later, on March 31st, Johnson would publicly announce that he would not seek reelection. McMillan, and through him Time magazine, are also the primary sources for the general belief that Ray financed his after-escape activities with money earned in Jeff City. In 2011, the only irony greater than the left blaming right wing rhetoric for the violence perpetrated by an individual having no affiliation with the right, might be that the rhetoric of some very powerful people on the left may have had a direct role in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. That is, of course, if one applies the logic of the left. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. Ray was also Stoner's bodyguard and chauffeur. As noted, the committee concluded that James Earl Ray was the assassin of Dr. King. In June 1977 Ray escaped from Brushy Mountain (Tennessee) Prison and remained at large for 54 hours before being recaptured in a massive manhunt. The box was picked up, and Ray successfully escaped on April 23, 1967. Most recently, after Ray's death in . Most of my friends were people I'd known in reform school, or people I'd met through them. Under the sub-head Communist Exposed, the paper went on to reveal more about ODell: King was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts ODell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles exposed ODells connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. The US will celebrate the life of Martin Luther King Jr on Monday, January 18, 2021, remembering all of the tremendous strides the activist-led in promoting civil liberties for all Americans. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. After Kings violent death, and the sealing of most government files related to King, the natural tendency of people to not want to speak ill of the dead set in. At the same time I was getting more involved in art, and my thoughts were turning away from escape and toward trying to make parole. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law, and it was first recognized three years later. Wardens and guards know that an escape artist is a threat to their livelihood; more guards and wardens have lost their jobs because of escapes than for any other reason. I've been amazed over the years at the naivet of authors who have written about Ray's activities in Jeff City; the things they put forth as facts just simply couldn't be true. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Brown_(judge)&oldid=1134528878, This page was last edited on 19 January 2023, at 03:56. In the year 1977, Ray escaped from the prison for the second time along with six other convicts from the Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary located in Petros, Tennessee. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. Now confident that he could not be recognized, he again began a cross-country drive to Atlanta, Georgia. Kings convicted killer, James Earl Ray, pled guilty to his murder, received a life sentence, and died in prison of natural causes 29 years later. In the year 1952, he served a two year prison sentence for the armed robbery of a cab driver. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Yet given the way the bureau had treated her and her family, her suspicion of the FBI and its conclusions about her husbands killer came from a very reasonable place, says John McMillian, a history professor at Georgia State University. He escaped from the prison hiding in a truck that was transporting bread from the prison bakery. In the hours and days after the Tucson shootings, the left wing media in America attempted to blame the Tea Party and right wing rhetoric for the deaths of six and the injuries of thirteen. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the For some 50 years, the federal. James Earl Ray was white. Drupal theme by ThemeSnap.com, That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. The Rays would have had many opportunities to meet racists. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. Although Benny was eventually released from prison and returned to work for the engineering firm he'd been employed by at the time of his arrest in Canada, interest in him by then had died out, and the book was never published. A two month long manhunt spanning five countries was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him. He was a fervent supporter of George Wallace, the Alabama governor who notoriously gave the 1963 "Segregation Now, Segregation Forever," and he was passionate about emigrating to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to be a part of the white minority in power there at the time. Each day the prison's bakery would bake enough bread to feed not only the 2,300 men at Jeff City, but also the convicts housed at Church Farm and Renz Farm (two satellite honor farms, where most of the prison's food was grown and raised). "Somebody's gotta get him.". He later joined the American army at the end of the Second World War and served in Germany. Brown was thrust into the national spotlight while presiding over James Earl Ray's last appeal of his conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Brown was removed from the reopened investigation of King's murder due to alleged bias. He was sentenced to 99 years at the State penitentiary. None. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Further information about this communist was found in the book, Its Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights, by the late author and speaker Alan Stang. If this self-seeking rabble-rouser is allowed to go through with his plans here, Washington may well be treated to the same kind of violence, destruction, looting, and bloodshed.1. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the Time magazine article with the author himself, Mr. George McMillan. The 12-person jury verdict unanimous exonerated the "patsy" James Earl Ray for any role in the assassination of MLK. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. [22] He was released from protective custody at the Shelby County Corrections Facility the morning of September 1, 2015. Weirich responded: "Its a sad day that someone that out of touch with reality considers himself a viable candidate for one of the important positions in Shelby County. Ray was one of a group of five inmates who escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in June 1977, which Kershaw claimed was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. James Earl White (born July 16, 1964) is a former member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 19, which encompassed Polk, Hardin, Jasper, Newton, and Tyler counties. The other people involved in this conspiracy, Jowers said, included Memphis police officers, a Mafia member and the infamous Raoul. What would it have taken for the Goldmans and the Browns to have believed Orenthals story that he was innocent? One day he walked away, and it was rumored he took $5,000 of state money with him. He did not want to be buried in the USA because he considered that the American government did not treat him fairly. All rights reserved. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman - in a civil trial. But for veteran crime writer and crusading editor J. Patrick OConnor, the factsor a lack of themdidnt add up. Dexter King went so far as to name Memphis Police Department Officer, Lt. Earl Clark as his fathers assassin. As the paper notes: Through Levisons influence, other subversives were attracted to SCLC [The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which King helped found]. The facts tend to be the same, G. Robert Blakey, a law professor at Notre Dame University, told me on April 8, 1998 during an interview as I worked as a columnist for The Tennessean. Jerry Ray was J.B. Stoner's campaign manager when Stoner ran for Governor of Georgia against Jimmy Carter. James Earl Ray, who pleaded guilty to assassinating King, was renting a room above Jower's establishment and was allegedly an unwitting scapegoat. Who assassinated Robert F. Kennedy on June 5, 1968? An hour later, he was declared dead. I don't recall that your name's ever been submitted, sir. Whatever noble goals King proclaimed, the subversive company he chose to keep severely neutralizes any good he may have aspired to and creates serious doubts about the sincerity of his stated mission. ", The Miami police were sufficiently impressed with Milteer's seriousness that the Secret Service was alerted, and an imminent presidential motorcade into the city was canceled. The explanation is much simpler. James Lawson, a Memphis pastor and civil rights institution who helped mentor King, said he began visiting Ray in the Memphis jail in 1969 when Ray complained about being held in solitary. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. In the year 1968, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery to hide his identity in Los Angeles. This doesnt mean that Ray couldnt have received assistance. George M. Camp, head of the Missouri prison system, wrote to Cleaver, saying: My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. Rays fingerprints were the only ones found on the gun, and there were no witnesses who had seen him with Raoul during the nine months they supposedly knew each other (Rays description of Raoul also changed a few times). Therefore, ironically, the society that King intended to bear the cost for his civil disobedience was to be ablack society. Please let us know if you're having issues with commenting. That was a bunch of baloney. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. While serving in the military, Ray was often charged with drunkenness and breaking arrest. William Francis Pepper (born August 16, 1937) is a U.S. lawyer formerly based in New York City who is most noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of James Earl Ray in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Pepper has also been trying to prove the innocence of Sirhan Sirhan in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. In 1997, King told Ray personally that both he and his family believed him. He employed such Communists as Bayard Rustin and Hunter Pitts ODell; and he worked closely with Carl Braden and James Dumbrowski. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however, because no mainstream lawyer wanted anything to do with him. With the release of this FBI document, however, it seems that the FBI and the JBS were on the same page regarding King. James Earl Ray had traveled to Montreal while on the run, and claimed that he'd met a man named "Raoul" in Montreal, and that Raoul had furnished him with money, and eventually masterminded the King assassination-using Ray as the fall-guy. Even after Ray died in 1998 from complications caused by hepatitis C, the family continued to assert there was, as Coretta King said in 1999, overwhelming evidence that identified someone else, not James Earl Ray, as the shooter, and that Mr. Ray was set up to take the blame.. Because Ray had previously tried to escape by hiding out inside the prison, the officials assumed this was another bungled attempt, and they began a meticulous search of the prison, which covered 47 acres. To believe that the King family was motivated exclusively by publicity, one must believe that all of its members were involved in selling out the truth of their loved ones assassination for three figures. For some 50 years, the federal government has maintained that James Earl Ray was the gunman who assassinated King that day. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. [2] He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctor from UCLA School of Law. In King vs. Loyd Jowers and conspirators unknown, there were 70 witnesses called; twelve jurors found in favor of the King family, which held a press conference after the verdict. Findings on Martin Luther King, Jr. On June 8 he was apprehended by London police at Heathrow Airport as he was about to embark for Brussels; the FBI had established him as the prime suspect almost immediately after the assassination. [17] In audio obtained by WREG[18] and an available transcript on eonline.com,[19] Brown can be heard arguing that the judge didn't have the authority to sit on the bench. He volunteered for Wallaces campaign and was very disappointed when Wallace could not win the campaign. We miss you, James. According to Harding, King had already severely angered Johnson by delivering that speech, which could have made Johnson quite receptive to Byrds sentiment. For the television series, see, "I left the Demo Pty Plantation long ago I'm an Independent", "Voters verdict: Weirich over TV's Joe Brown", "TV's Judge Joe Brown Arrested In Tennessee", "Former TV Judge Joe Brown Stumbles In Bid To Become Tennessee District Attorney", Judge Joe Brown uncorks a shocker taunting Weirich about her sexuality Memphis Flyer Jackson Baker July 2, 2014, "District Attorney Weirich sails to victory over challenger Joe Brown", "Judge Joe Brown in Jail for Contempt of Court", "Former TV judge Joe Brown can't practice law in Tennessee", "MSCS Chairwoman Michelle McKissack considers mayoral run", "Judge Joe Brown: The rant, the mugshot, the jokes", "TV's Judge Joe Brown jailed by real judge after courtroom argument, court says", "TV judge Joe Brown begins 5-day jail term", "Judge Joe Brown: Hear What He Said That Got Him Arrested", "Judge Joe Brown Begins Jail Sentence for Contempt of Court After 2014 Courtroom Outburst", "Joe Brown loses appeal over juvenile court outburst", "After the Campaign - Memphis Daily News", "Was Judge Joe Brown's Arrest A Publicty Stunt? Brown was sentenced to five days in jail,[7][15] but was later released on his own recognizance. King said he liked the idea. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. Between 1998 and 2000, the Department of Justice investigated Jowers claims and the evidence in the civil trial, and concluded that Jowerss claims werent credible. Stoner is the following: Over the years, state and federal authorities have come to suspect that Stoner's violent rhetoric cannot be dismissed merely as fascist ravings. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration But they are unanimous on one key point: James Earl Ray did not kill Martin Luther King.. the result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies. Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book The Strange Case of James Earl Ray was published. B. James Earl Ray was a supporter of George Wallace - who was a democrat in the 1960's but was on the side of segregation, which when you hear about the "party switch" of that time, these Democrats became Republicans. However, immediately following King's killing, U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark announced that the killing was the work of a lone assassin. Absence of witnesses to corroborate Raoul's existence, Rental of room 5-B at Bessie Brewer's roominghouse, Irreconcilable conflicts of interest of Foreman and Hanes, Foreman's failure to investigate the case, Coercion by Foreman and the Federal Government, Ray's belief a guilty plea would not preclude a new trial, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. I've seen it happen again and again. I served my six months, got out and was put right back in for using amphetamine. Then Benny was transferred to L-Hall, an honor unit just outside the walls of the main penitentiary. He paid for a nose job in cash. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why Time magazine called it the "bloodiest 47 acres in America." It contained a pair of binoculars, a newspaper with a story about King staying at the Lorraine Motel, and a .30-06 Remington Gamemaster that had fired one shot. It was important for the government to have a lone killer-since blacks across the nation were rioting, and proof of a white conspiracy to kill the black civil-rights leader would have caused a racial explosion. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. The prosecutors have enough efficient evidence in establishing guilt against James Earl Ray concerning the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. First, James Earl Ray was in close enough vicinity of the Lorraine Hotel to successfully fire a clear shot to kill Dr. King from only a block away. When I tried to mail my review to The Star, the prison officials refused to allow it to leave the prison. it near 424 South Main Street, It is highly probable that James Earl Ray stalked Dr. King for a King was one of the worst enemies my people ever had. Her reference to my people was to her race, since she was black. james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . But even if Ray had help, the evidence strongly pointed to him pulling the trigger. The facts are these. Was James earl ray white? As one example, Dan Smoot, a former FBI agent, was a steadfast anti-Communist who became associated with The John Birch Society and wrote for the societys American Opinion and The Review Of The News magazines. King was fired. 9 A staff report, An Analysis of James Earl Ray's Trip to New Orleans, December 15-21, 1967, appears in XIII Appendix to the HSCA-MLK hearings (hereinafter referred to as staff report: New Orleans trip). https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-earl-ray-30416.php. Godspeed." Likewise, this statement is attributed (without sourcing) to Limbaugh in 101 People Who Are Really Screwing America. The Ray brothers, however, are too unsophisticated to have pulled off the assassination of King, and Ray's subsequent escape to England. In the early 1990s, he started suggesting that the government might be behind the assassination. In any event, the prison officials never placed him in the same category as Davis, Laster and Westberg, who would unhesitatingly use weapons while escaping. Charley McCracken, a friend from the St. Louis City Jail, pointed him out to me in H-Hall, where the newly arriving convicts at the maximum-security penitentiary were oriented. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. (Credit: State of Tennessee, Earl Warren/AP Photo), Coretta Kings specific belief in Rays innocence is a little tougher to explain. Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. Each year, the third Monday in January is a celebration to commemoratethe life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King Jr., the tireless civil rights activist who was gunned down in Memphis, TN, in 1968. Ray fled to Toronto, secured a Canadian passport through a travel agency, flew to London (May 5), then to Lisbon (May 7? Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. James Earl Ray was a racist, but there was circumstantial evidence that a businessman in St. Louis had established a $50,000 bounty for King's death." . J.B. Stoner, however, would certainly have had the know-how for both, plus the white-supremacist background to explain why he would do it. The Browns to have believed Orenthals story that he would not seek reelection has... District of Los Angeles, Brown graduated as valedictorian [ full citation needed from! His mothers name was George Ellis Ray and the infamous Raoul bid for reelection was J.B. 's... 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