The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. [44] In his 1895 autobiography, published after his death, Hardin claimed to have been befriended by Hickok, the newly elected town marshal, after he had disarmed the marshal using the road agent's spin, but Hardin was known to exaggerate. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. In 1876 in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, Hickok married Agnes Lake Thatcher, a former circus performer. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". He fought against slavery with General James Lane in Kansas, and operated as a constable in Johnson County. [38], In July 1869, Hickok returned to Hays and was elected city marshal of Hays and sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas, in a special election held on August 23, 1869. The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. In 1860, Hickok was badly injured by a bear, while driving a freight team from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. [61], Hickok died instantly. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Outlaw John Wesley Hardin arrived in Abilene at the end of a cattle drive in early 1871. After the war Hickok continued his adventurous ways, at times just skirting the right side of the law. [3][4] James was the fourth of six children. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? [31], Several weeks later, an interview Hickok gave to Colonel George Ward Nichols, a journalist who subsequently became known as the creator of the Hickok legend,[32] was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine. In the Clint Eastwood movie Hang em High, a tumbleweed wagon picks up prisoners to haul them off to jail. The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. He drove freight wagons and coaches. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. Brink, were tried for killing McCanles, but were found to have acted in self-defense. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? The Harper's piece also told the story of how Hickok had pointed to a letter "O" that was "no bigger than a man's heart." McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. On December 9, Hickok and Lanihan both served legal papers on Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged that Hickok had guardianship of Hays City. Neither claim was true. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. Citizens of the town complained to Hickok, who requested that Thompson and Coe remove the image. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] Just weeks later, on her deathbed in Terry, South Dakota, Jane confessed that she and Jessie were now estranged and declined to say where her daughter was living. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1982). On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! Russell, Majors and Waddell had not kept up with their payments for the station, and the gun-brandishing McCanles had come to demand his money from Wellman, who insisted that he did not have it and refused to relinquish the property to McCanles, as did his wife. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. [6][35] Witnesses confirm that while working as a scout at Fort Harker, Kansas, on May 11, 1867, Hickok was attacked by a large group of Indians, who fled after he shot and killed two. Hickok was of English ancestry. Brady, like Varnes, had disappeared from Deadwood and could not be found. [69] In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Bath James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. Hickok then tried acting in Wild West shows, which were growing in popularity. Against the bloody backdrop of the uniquely volatile point in history, both killers earned a reputation for viciousness. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. The trial began on December 4 and it only took two days for the jury to find McCall guilty. Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. Future Publishing Limited [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. McCall was found guilty and sentenced to death. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. I suggest you read Calamity Jane: The Woman and the Legend by James D. McLaird. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. [77][78] A print of the film is maintained in the Museum of Modern Art film archive.[79]. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. ), 18721886. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Zimmerman said that despite their closeness in age, he and Jessie didnt say much to each other. In December, the Rawlins Republican reported that Jane visited town with a little girl she had stolen. The child was no doubt Jessie, who was next seen with her mother in Ekalaka, Montana in 1894 by at least two people. The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. On March 5, 1876, he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, an owner of a circus in Cheyenne, Wyoming territory. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. Updates? Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. 1. In reality, Janes first verified child was born in November 1882 when she was living with rancher Frank King near Miles City, Montana. [23][b], After the Civil War broke out in April 1861, Hickok became a teamster for the Union Army in Sedalia, Missouri. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. But the U.S. marshals were on his trail and McCall was arrested on August 29, 1876 in Laramie, where he was held before he was extradited to Yankton, South Dakota. Born in Homer (later called Troy Grove), Illinois, James Butler Hickok . Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. [5] William Hickok died in 1852, when James was 15. The cards Hickok had been holding when he was shot and killeda pair of black aces and a pair of black eights plus an unknown fifth cardbecame known as the Dead Mans Hand.. McCall tried to . Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. Hickok accused a J.V. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. Hickok died immediately. At the end of the trial, Judge Sempronius H. Boyd told the jury they could not find Hickok acted in self-defense if he could have reasonably avoided the fight. In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. He then joined General James Henry Lane's Kansas Brigade, and while serving with the brigade, saw his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, who was serving as a scout. Though no solid record exists, he is believed to have served as a Union spy in the Confederate Army before his discharge in 1865. Writing in 1911, he detailed his admiration for Hickok and included a paragraph on the shooting that differs considerably from the reported account: "Phil" Coe was from Texas, ran the "Bull's Head" a saloon and gambling den, sold whiskey and men's souls. Later, after bragging of his murder of Hickok, McCall was retried in Laramie, Wyoming Territory, found guilty, and hanged on March 1, 1877. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. "[46] Hoping to intimidate Hickok, Coe allegedly stated that he could "kill a crow on the wing". Hickok's brother, Lorenzo Butler, traveled from Illinois to attend the retrial. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. In 1866 Hickok helped guide Gen. William T. Shermans tour of the West, and in 186768 he scouted for Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock and Lieut. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. She has been labeled a scout, freighter, and gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute. He reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10. Wild Bill Hickok's proficiency with a pistol is well known, but there remains some confusion concerning how he used his weapons and which ones he actually used. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . He was known as a gunfighter and gambler who fought in the Civil War and was a scout for Custer's Cavalry. Area newspapers reported that Jane named the boy Little Calamity. A freighter named Evans recalled watching Jane smother the baby with kisses, calling him Muzzies yittle snoozey [sic] darling. Jane later told others that Little Calamity died. The bear then grabbed his arm in its mouth, but Hickok was able to grab his knife and slash its throat, killing it. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. Hickok was of English ancestry. ", DeMattos, Jack (1980). Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. "Wild Bill and the Timber Thieves. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. "Wild Bill. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. Relegated to making a living through other means than law enforcement, he traveled from one town to another as a gambler. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. The next child, also named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in November of 1832. Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. Jack McCall. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. They initially agreed not to fight over the watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him to stay away. Jane was well-known for her abilities as a sharpshooter . "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. Take that!" Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . In the episode Dillon and Hickok are old friends. He is said to have wrestled a bear [3] [4] James was the fourth of six children. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. 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